I-POETRY from Adelia Andaruni
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT
In this
writing, the writer tries to analyze the intrinsic elements of “Daphne” by John
Lyly. The purpose of this writing is to understand the
metaphor, imagery, and allusion of the “Daphne” poem. The writer uses theories of metaphor,
imagery, and allusion with close reading method. The writer finds that metaphor and imagery
are dominated the poem. In conclusion, the metaphor, imagery, and allusion can
ease the reader to understand the poem.
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
of The Study
”Poetry
is what gets lost in translation.”
-Robert Frost-
Poetry is a part of literature. It is a language to
say something beautifully. Laurence Perrine in “Sounds and Sense: An
Introduction to Poetry” (1969:3) defines poetry as a kind of language that says more and says it more intensely than does
ordinary language. The other definition comes from Robert Frost in
“LITERATURE: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama, second edition”
(1976:407) made a classic word to defines poetry: Poetry is the kind of thing poets write. There are many different
definition of poetry from different sources. In order to understand a poetry,
we need to understand what it is the poetry says. We can not understand a
poetry easily, we need to analyze it. We need to analyze every words and
stanzas in poetry from many perspective to understanding the poetry itself.
1.2 Purpose
of the Study
The purpose of this study are:
1. To
understand the using of metaphor in poetry.
2. To
understand the using of imagery in poetry.
3. To
understand the using of allusion in poetry.
1.3 Scope
of The Study
The scope of this study is the analysis of figurative
language; metaphor, imagery, and allusion, in poetry entitled “Daphne” by John
Lyly.
THE POEM AND THE TRANSLATION
2.1 The Poem
John Lyly (1554-1606)
DAPHNE
My
Daphne’s hair is twisted gold,
Bright
stars apiece her eyes do hold;
My
Daphne’s brow enthrones the grace,
My
Daphne’s beauty stains all faces;
On
Daphne’s cheek grow rose and cherry,
On
Daphne’s lip a sweeter berry;
Daphne’s
snowy hand but touched does melt,
And
then no heavenlier warmth is felt;
My
Daphne’s voice tunes all the spheres,
My
Daphne’s music charms all ears.
Fond
am I thus to sing her praise;
These glories now are turned to bays.
2.2 The Translation
John Lyly (1554-1606)
DAPHNE
Rambut Daphneku adalah emas yang bergelombang,
Bintang terang bersemayam di matanya;
Alis Daphneku menobatkan keanggunan,
Kecantikan Daphneku mewarnai seluruh wajah;
Pada pipinya tumbuh mawar dan ceri,
Dan pada bibirnya sebuah beri yang lebih manis;
Tangan bersaljunya dapat menghangat,
Dan kemudian tak ada kehangatan surgawi yang terasa;
Suara Daphneku melagui seluruh semesta,
Musik Daphneku memikat tiap telinga,
Bodohnya diriku menyanyikan pujian baginya;
Keindahan ini telah menjadi daun salam.
DISCUSSION
3.1 The
Explanation of the Poem
There is a man named Apollo who is the most powerful
gods and a great warrior. Someday he mocked the god of love, Eros (Cupid), for
his use of bow and arrow. Eros then prepared two arrows: one of gold and one of
lead. He shot Apollo with the gold arrow, so Apollo will have a passionate love
for Daphne. Eros shot Daphne with the lead arrow, so she will hate Apollo. Daphne
had dedicated herself to perpetual virginity. Daphne ask her father, Peneus, to
help her to change her form, so she can be free from Apollo. And then Peneus
answering her request, and she was turned into a laurel tree. Apollo vowed to
love Daphne forever. Apollo always praise Daphne’s beauty.
My Daphne’s hair
is twisted gold,
Bright stars
apiece her eyes do hold;
Until Daphne turned into a Bay laurel tree, Apollo
vowed to love her forever.
These glories
now are turned to bays.
He used his power of eternal youth and immortality
to give Daphne evergreen, so the leaves of the Bay laurel tree do not decay.
3.2 The
Analysis of the Poem
3.2.1
Metaphor
My Daphne’s hair
is twisted gold,
(line 1)
John Lyly uses a metaphor “twisted
gold”, to describe Daphne’s hair. Gold has a yellowish color and it is glowing,
that makes it more special than the other yellowish color. Gold also has a high
price which prove its luxury. Daphne’s hair in this poetry described as twisted
gold because it shows how special and luxury is Daphne’s hair.
On
Daphne’s cheek grow rose and cherry,
(line 5)
This sentence shows how rosy Daphne’s
cheek. John Lyly use words “rose and cherry” as a metaphor. We know that rose
and cherry have the same color, red. It is not an ordinary red, but it is a
beautiful red. The red blush on Daphne’s cheek is so beautiful, so John Lyly
use “rose and cherry” to describe it.
On Daphne’s lip a sweeter berry;
(line 6)
From
the previous explanation we know that John Lyly wants to describe Daphne
beautifully. He always use a beautiful words that can represent Daphne’s
beauty. To describe Daphne’s lips, he use a metaphor “sweeter berry”. Berry is
a fruit that has a sweet taste. So we know that Daphne has a sweet lips as a
berry.
Daphne’s snowy hand but touched does melt,
(line 7)
The metaphor used in this line shown by
the words “snowy hand” that refers to something cold, but not that cold because
when it touched, it does melt. We can feel that there is something in Daphne
which is cold, maybe her heart. But there might be something that can warm it.
3.2.2 Imagery
Bright stars
apiece her eyes do hold; (line 2)
Star has its own light. Bright stars
have a very beautiful light. Daphne’s eyes glowing like a bright star. John
Lyly wants us to know the beautiful of Daphne’s eyes by imagining the bright
stars.
My Daphne’s brow
enthrones the grace, (line 3)
John Lyly wants us to imagining that Daphne’s
brow is amazingly charming. No one will have the charming brow as Daphne’s.
These brow will enthrones the grace.
My Daphne’s
beauty stains all faces; (line 4)
We need to image that Daphne had all the
beauty of this world and no one can beat her beauty. Her beauty will spread and
stains all faces.
And then no
heavenlier warmth is felt; (line 8)
John Lyly wants us to imagining that the
situation in this poem is really warm and there is no heavenlier warmth is
felt. This warm feeling is comes from Daphne soul.
My Daphne’s
voice tunes all the spheres, (line 9)
This universe is really wide. It is
impossible if there is a voice that can reverberate in all the universe. But it
different, in this line we can imagining how Daphne’s voice can tunes all the
universe beautifully.
My Daphne’s
music charms all ears. (line 10)
Every people have different taste of
voice or music. Someone might like a soft voice but there is someone who like a
loud voice. In this line, we can imagining how beautiful Daphne’s voice that
turns into music that can charms every people ears.
3.2.3 Allusion
My
Daphne’s
hair is twisted gold, (line 1)
In this poem, name Daphne is comes from
an ancient Greek mythology who is a type of female nymph associated with
fountains, wells, springs, streams, brooks and other bodies of fresh water. She
is the daughter of the river god, Peneus. Because of her beauty, Daphne
attracted the attention of the god Apollo, but Daphne had dedicated herself to
perpetual virginity. From that fact, we can say that Daphne is a mythical
allusion which is not just a name, but there is a big story behind that name.
CONCLUSION
From the poetry “Daphne”, we can
know that John Lyly wants to show us how Apollo praise the beauty of Daphne.
John Lyly use metaphor to describe how beautiful Daphne and imagery so we can
imagining every beauty in her. We all know that we can not understand a poetry
easily. We need time to understand every line and every stanza with a happy
soul. A poetry can not be translated same like the original one, but we can get
the idea that the poet wants to deliver to the reader. If we read a poetry with
a happy soul and a happy heart, we can find that every poem has its own beauty,
because a poetry must be treated beautifully.
“Poetry is what
happens when nothing else can.”
-Charles Bukowski-
BIBLIOGRAPGHY
Bain, Carl, Jerome Baty, and J.
Paul Hunter. 1986. The Introduction to
Literature. Virginia: W. W. Norton & Co. Inc..
Barnet, Sylvan, Morton Berman,
Wilian Burto.1985. An Introduction to
Literature: Fiction, Poetry, Drama. Canada: Little, Brown & Company
Limited.
Kennedy, X. J.. 1979. Literature: An Introduction to Fiction,
Poetry, and Drama. Canada: Little Brown.
Mayer, Michael. 1990. The Bedford Introduction to Literature. New
York: Bedford Books of St. Martins’s Press.
Perrine, Laurence. 1976. Sound and Sense: An Introduction to Poetry.
America: Harcourt, Brace, & World, Inc..
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